1. Tectonic Activity and Volcanic Hazards – Calculation of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to assess the relationship between silica content and volatile gas emissions in lava.

2. Physical and Human Factors in Volcanic Impact – Evaluation of how physical processes and human vulnerabilities influence the severity of volcanic hazards.

3. Glacial Climate Change Indicators – Explanation of how Milankovitch cycles contribute to changes in ice volume and climate fluctuations.

4. Permafrost Distribution and Climate – Analysis of how mean annual air temperature affects the spatial extent of permafrost in Canada.

5. Glacial Landforms as Climate Records – Discussion on how upland glacial landforms provide evidence of historical ice extent and movement.

6. Global vs. Local Management of Glaciated Landscapes – Assessment of whether glaciated landscape conservation is most effective through global initiatives or local interventions.