1. Genetic Linkage and Recombination – Explaining how crossing over during meiosis affects gene linkage and genetic variation.

2. Plant Transport Systems – Analyzing the role of lignin in xylem cells and explaining the function of sieve tube elements in phloem transport.

3. Microbial Growth and Antibiotic Resistance – Evaluating factors affecting bacterial colony growth and the impact of different antimicrobial agents.

4. Polygenic Inheritance and Variation – Examining how multiple genes influence traits like height in populations and interpreting inheritance patterns.

5. Nutrient Deficiency and Plant Growth – Investigating how calcium and magnesium deficiencies affect flower and fruit development in plants.

6. Adaptations and Evolutionary Biology – Identifying behavioral, physiological, and anatomical adaptations in organisms and explaining speciation due to geographical isolation.