1. Cell Membrane Structure and Transport – Identification of phospholipid bonding, membrane proteins, and active transport mechanisms for sodium and glucose.

2. DNA Structure and Replication – Analysis of complementary base pairing, Meselson-Stahl’s experiment, and differences between DNA replication and transcription.

3. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors – Calculation of BMI and assessment of methods to reduce high blood pressure using medication and lifestyle changes.

4. Blood Clotting and Protein Mutations – Investigation of the impact of mutations in prothrombin on blood clotting time and analysis of protein synthesis.

5. Genetic Inheritance and Disease Prediction – Interpretation of a pedigree chart for alkaptonuria, classification of dominant/recessive traits, and prenatal testing methods.

6. Circulatory System Comparisons – Structural comparison of the heart and circulatory systems of snakes and humans, and the role of veins in blood circulation.