1. Bacterial Cell Structure – Identifying key prokaryotic components such as cell membrane, mesosome, and plasmid.

2. Genetic Variation in Meiosis – Explaining how crossing over and independent assortment produce genetic diversity.

3. Microscopy and Cell Division – Comparing light and electron microscopes and analyzing mitotic stages in plant cells.

4. Sperm Cell Function and Fertilisation – Investigating acrosome reaction, polyspermy prevention, and IVF-related fertilisation risks.

5. Species Evolution and Molecular Phylogeny – Using genetic evidence to determine reproductive isolation and speciation.

6. Polygenic Traits and Environmental Influence – Evaluating genetic vs. environmental factors in body mass variation among twins.