1. Cell Structure and Function | Identification of organelles in animal and plant cells, structure and role of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane, comparison of bacterial, animal, and plant cells. 2. Genetics and Evolution | Use of Punnett squares to determine inheritance, Mendelian genetics, mutation effects on genetic variation, fossil evidence for evolution, and selective breeding in animals and crops. 3. Enzymes and Biological Processes | Factors affecting enzyme activity such as temperature and pH, function of enzymes in digestion, practical investigations of enzyme efficiency, and biological catalysts in metabolic reactions. 4. Pathogens and Immunity | Characteristics of bacterial and viral diseases, transmission of communicable diseases, effectiveness of vaccinations, role of antibiotics, and causes of antibiotic resistance. 5. Health and Disease | Effects of lifestyle factors on non-communicable diseases, obesity and BMI calculations, prevention of cardiovascular disease, impact of smoking and alcohol, and immune response to infections. 6. Genetic Engineering and Agriculture | Benefits and risks of genetically modified crops, selective breeding in agriculture, biological control methods for pest reduction, and ethical concerns in genetic modification.