1. Circulatory System and Blood Flow – Function of arteries and veins, impact of exercise on blood circulation, differences in blood composition before and after kidney filtration.
2. Homeostasis and Endocrine System – Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin, causes and effects of diabetes, thermoregulation in organisms, and hormonal control of metabolic processes.
3. Photosynthesis and Plant Physiology – Structure and function of xylem and phloem, adaptations of leaves for photosynthesis, impact of environmental factors on transpiration and water uptake.
4. Ecosystems and Biodiversity – Energy transfer in food chains, effects of invasive species on biodiversity, nitrogen cycle in agriculture, and benefits of reforestation and conservation projects.
5. Respiration and Exercise Physiology – Differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, effect of exercise on breathing rate and pH changes in muscles, role of adrenaline in energy mobilization.
6. Human Health and Reproductive Biology – Impact of hormonal contraceptives on pregnancy, effects of obesity on type 2 diabetes, importance of thyroid hormones in metabolism, and efficiency of different exercise types on heart rate.