1. Cell Biology and Microscopy | Identification and function of cell structures, differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, magnification calculations, and preparing microscope slides for observing cell division. 2. Genetics and Evolution | Use of Punnett squares for inheritance patterns, dominant and recessive allele interactions, mutation effects, fossil evidence supporting evolution, and classification of organisms. 3. Enzymes and Biological Processes | Factors affecting enzyme activity, enzyme-substrate specificity, investigating enzyme activity in digestion, and methods for measuring reaction rates. 4. Pathogens, Immunity, and Disease | Characteristics of bacterial and viral infections, immune system response, importance of vaccinations, antibiotic effectiveness, and development of antibiotic resistance. 5. Human Health and Lifestyle | Impact of diet, smoking, alcohol, and exercise on health, BMI and waist-to-hip ratio calculations, cardiovascular disease risks, and physiological effects of exercise. 6. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology | Applications of genetic modification in medicine and agriculture, genetic engineering techniques, benefits and risks of genetically modified organisms, and ethical considerations in biotechnology.