1. Circulatory System and Blood Flow – Function of arteries, veins, and capillaries; oxygen transport in red blood cells; effect of exercise on heart rate and blood pressure. 2. Homeostasis and Endocrine System – Insulin regulation of blood glucose, causes and effects of diabetes, impact of adrenaline on stress response, thermoregulation in humans. 3. Photosynthesis and Plant Transport – Stomata function in gas exchange, xylem and phloem roles in water and sugar transport, impact of light intensity on photosynthesis. 4. Ecosystems and Biodiversity – Energy transfer in food chains, effects of invasive species, nitrogen cycle in agriculture, impact of pollution on aquatic life. 5. Respiration and Exercise Physiology – Differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, oxygen uptake during physical activity, effects of respiration rate on energy production. 6. Reproductive Biology and Hormonal Control – Hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle, effects of contraceptive hormones, pregnancy-related hormonal adjustments, and impact of fertility treatments.