1. Atomic Structure and Periodic Table – Electron configurations of elements, group trends in alkali metals, properties of noble gases, and formation of ions. 2. Chemical Bonding and Properties – Covalent bonding in molecules, ionic lattice structure, intermolecular forces, and differences in melting and boiling points. 3. Chemical Reactions and Energy Changes – Exothermic and endothermic reactions, factors affecting reaction rates, activation energy, and combustion of hydrocarbons. 4. Acids, Bases, and Neutralization – pH scale and indicators, neutralization reactions, solubility of salts, and acid-metal carbonate reactions. 5. Organic Chemistry and Polymers – Cracking of hydrocarbons, polymerization of alkenes, properties and uses of different plastics, and environmental impacts of synthetic materials. 6. Environmental Chemistry and Earth′s Atmosphere – Greenhouse gases and global warming, evolution of Earth′s atmosphere, sources and effects of pollution, and strategies for carbon footprint reduction.