1. Atomic Structure and Periodic Table – Electronic configurations of elements, properties of noble gases, trends in alkali metals, and formation of ions. 2. Chemical Bonding and Properties – Ionic and covalent bonding, structure of ionic lattices, intermolecular forces, and boiling/melting point trends. 3. Chemical Reactions and Energy Changes – Exothermic and endothermic reactions, activation energy, reaction rate factors, and combustion of hydrocarbons. 4. Acids, Bases, and Neutralization – pH scale and indicators, neutralization reactions, solubility of salts, and acid reactions with metals. 5. Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons – Fractional distillation of crude oil, cracking of hydrocarbons, polymerization of alkenes, and combustion reactions. 6. Environmental Chemistry and Earth′s Atmosphere – Greenhouse gases, climate change, evolution of the atmosphere, sources of pollution, and carbon footprint reduction strategies.