1. Atomic Structure and Periodic Table | Properties of subatomic particles, electron configurations, periodic trends in alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases, and transition metal characteristics. 2. Chemical Bonding and Properties | Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding comparisons, dot and cross diagrams, analysis of intermolecular forces, and impact of bonding type on physical properties. 3. Chemical Reactions and Equations | Writing and balancing chemical equations, reaction types including neutralization, combustion, and displacement, and interpretation of energy changes in reactions. 4. Acids, Bases, and pH | Understanding the pH scale, reactions of acids with metals and carbonates, titration methods, and selection of indicators for acid-base reactions. 5. Electrolysis and Metal Extraction | Electrolysis principles, electrode reactions, reactivity series applications in metal extraction, oxidation and reduction processes, and the environmental benefits of metal recycling. 6. Separation Techniques and States of Matter | Chromatography, distillation, filtration, crystallization, interpretation of heating curves, and understanding energy changes during state transitions.