1. Atomic Structure and Periodic Table | Identification of subatomic particles, electron configurations, periodic trends in alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases, and classification of transition metals. 2. Chemical Bonding and Properties | Differences between ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding, interpretation of dot and cross diagrams, and effects of intermolecular forces on substance properties. 3. Chemical Reactions and Equations | Writing and balancing chemical equations, reaction types including neutralization, combustion, and displacement, and understanding reaction rate factors. 4. Acids, Bases, and pH | pH scale interpretation, acid reactions with metals and carbonates, titration techniques, and choosing appropriate indicators for acid-base reactions. 5. Electrolysis and Metal Extraction | Electrolysis processes, electrode reactions, metal extraction based on the reactivity series, and advantages of metal recycling. 6. Separation Techniques and States of Matter | Chromatography, distillation, filtration, crystallization, heating curve interpretation, and energy changes during state transitions.