1. Atomic Structure and Periodic Table | Subatomic particle properties, electron configurations, trends in reactivity of alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases, and transition metal characteristics.

2. Chemical Bonding and Properties | Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding comparisons, dot and cross diagrams, analysis of intermolecular forces, and impact of bonding type on physical properties.

3. Chemical Reactions and Equations | Writing and balancing chemical equations, reaction types including neutralization, combustion, and displacement, and interpretation of reaction rate factors.

4. Acids, Bases, and pH | Understanding the pH scale, reactions of acids with metals and carbonates, titration methods, and selection of indicators for acid-base reactions.

5. Electrolysis and Metal Extraction | Electrolysis principles, electrode reactions, reactivity series applications in metal extraction, oxidation and reduction processes, and environmental benefits of metal recycling.

6. Separation Techniques and States of Matter | Chromatography, distillation, filtration, crystallization, interpretation of heating curves, and understanding energy changes during state transitions.