1. Pathogens and Disease Transmission | Definition of pathogens, disease transmission through air, water, and vectors, effect of temperature on bacterial growth, and graph interpretation of bacterial population changes. 2. Genetics and Evolution | Use of stone tools as evidence for human evolution, dating methods for fossils and tools, role of mutations in inherited characteristics, and natural selection concepts. 3. Health and Lifestyle Factors | Impact of alcohol consumption on liver health, comparison of cirrhosis risks based on drinking habits, genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis, and inheritance patterns using Punnett squares. 4. Cell Division and Growth | Function of mitosis and meiosis in cell division, specialization of sperm cells, importance of percentile charts in tracking growth, and controlled variables in enzyme activity experiments. 5. DNA and Genetic Information | Structure of DNA, complementary base pairing, amino acid coding from DNA sequences, extraction of DNA from biological samples, and the role of enzymes in DNA isolation. 6. Infectious Diseases and Immunity | Prevalence of STIs like chlamydia, calculation of infection rates in a population, prevention methods for transmission, antibiotic treatment of bacterial infections, and immune system response to pathogens.