1. Acids, Bases, and Neutralization | Reaction of barium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid, pH changes during titration, importance of using universal indicator over litmus paper, and improvements for pH measurement accuracy.
2. Electrolysis and Conductivity | Electrolysis of copper sulfate solution using copper electrodes, mass changes at electrodes, explanation of ion movement, and factors affecting electrolysis rate.
3. Chemical Bonding and Properties | Explanation of ionic bonding in magnesium carbonate, comparison of electrical conductivity in ionic and metallic substances, and percentage composition calculations.
4. Reactivity of Metals and Extraction | Extraction of aluminum using electrolysis, redox reaction in titanium chloride displacement, role of oxidation and reduction in metal extraction, and disadvantages of phytoextraction.
5. Separation Techniques and Purification | Simple methods to extract copper from copper oxide, explanation of why potassium chloride has a high melting point, and the role of intermolecular forces in determining melting and boiling points.
6. Reactivity Series and Displacement Reactions | Investigation of metal reactivity with acids, order of reactivity based on reaction speed, explanation of reaction stopping in sulfuric acid, and effect of weak acid properties on reaction rates.