1. Acids, Bases, and Neutralization | Investigation of calcium hydroxide neutralizing hydrochloric acid, pH changes during neutralization, word equations for acid-base reactions, and appropriate state symbols for reactants. 2. Reactivity of Metals | Reactivity series of metals, reactions of magnesium and iron with hydrochloric acid, testing for hydrogen gas production, and predicting reaction outcomes based on metal placement in the reactivity series. 3. Electrolysis and Copper Extraction | Electrolysis of copper chloride solution, copper deposition at the cathode, impact of current on the mass of deposited copper, and calculation of copper atoms formed using Avogadro’s constant. 4. Chemical Reactions and Energy Changes | Endothermic and exothermic reaction identification, bond energy calculations, catalyst function in lowering activation energy, and experimental methods for measuring temperature changes in reactions. 5. Separation Techniques and Crystallization | Preparation of copper sulfate crystals, identifying excess reactants in reactions, filtration and evaporation methods, and particle arrangement during crystallization. 6. Chromatography and Purity Testing | Empirical formula determination from molecular structure, identification of pure and impure substances using melting point data, Rf value calculations, and separation of sodium chloride from water by distillation.