1. Kinematics and Vertical Motion | Modeling vertical projectile motion, calculating time of flight, speed at impact, effect of air resistance on time, and refinement of modeling assumptions. 2. Connected Particles and Pulley Systems | Tension and net force calculations in pulley systems with unequal masses, vertical motion equations, total force on pulley, and model limitations. 3. Variable Acceleration and Direction Change | Use of velocity functions to find acceleration zero points, calculation of displacement through integration, identifying turning points, and determining distance from origin.