1. Arithmetic Operations – Work with mixed numbers, fractions, and simplification of powers and roots. 2. Proportions and Ratios – Solve problems involving ratios, including expressing ratios as fractions and working with inverse proportionality. 3. Geometric Sequences – Identify the next term in a geometric sequence and solve for the first term given other terms. 4. Volume and Surface Area – Solve for the relationship between radius and height in spheres and cones, and find ratios between these dimensions based on given volumes and surface areas. 5. Graphing and Transformation – Draw and analyze graphs, including transformations and estimating coordinates or solutions for given equations. 6. Probability and Data Representation – Work with probability estimations, including the calculation of expected outcomes and percentages, and analyze data using tables or histograms.