1. chloroplast structure–thylakoid and envelope membrane distinction, GALP production site, scale-based magnification calculation 2. chloroplast DNA replication–light-dependent replication patterns, synchronized cell comparison, mitosis impact on DNA quantity 3. rabies virus replication–RNA genome transcription, base pairing rules, positive RNA in protein synthesis, lytic cycle mechanism 4. tree ring dating–dendrochronology via core samples, ring pattern matching, tree age and sampling depth calculation 5. antimicrobial resistance–MIC determination using dilution method, aseptic technique role, E. coli solvent control analysis 6. pigment extraction–propanone vs DMSO efficiency, chlorophyll concentration comparison across seaweed species, result reliability factors