1. Hydrocarbon structure, saturated vs unsaturated compounds, alkane general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂, homologous series, isomerism, structural formula representation

2. Crude oil fractional distillation, boiling point differences, fraction names (refinery gas, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil, bitumen), uses and hydrocarbon chain length

3. Combustion types (complete, incomplete), equations with oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, soot, effects on health and environment

4. Pollutants from combustion: CO, NOx, SO₂, unburned hydrocarbons, acid rain formation, global warming, photochemical smog, catalytic converter function

5. Alkane reactions: substitution with halogens under UV light, methane + chlorine reaction, free radical mechanism basics

6. Cracking process, thermal vs catalytic cracking, alkanes to alkenes and hydrogen, economic importance, test for unsaturation with bromine water