1. Environmental activism in Sudan against mesquite tree spread, Be’ati association efforts in desertification prevention, benefits and threats of the tree, dual-purpose usage in environmental control 2. Media influence in Algeria with emphasis on television as key tool in social change, regional viewership patterns, media′s role in gender and vocational encouragement, diversity of TV content enhancing public engagement 3. Equal employment opportunity in Yemen, legal basis and societal implementation, quota system for women and disabled individuals, positive societal development impact, workplace fairness from employers’ and employees’ perspectives 4. Arabesque craftsmanship in Egypt as cultural heritage, historical migration of artisans, 19th-century artisan challenges, Islamic art aesthetics, family transmission of skills, European demand for handmade woodwork, optimism for preservation 5. Tunisian revolution perspectives from political and public views, contrasting opinions on success and setbacks, youth-driven reform, economic deterioration post-revolution, protests over living conditions, societal disillusionment despite initial freedom gains