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Human Biology 4HB1/01R June 2022

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1. Cell biology: identification of organelles (nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane), tissue organization into organs, transport processes (diffusion, osmosis, active transport). 2. Digestive system: labeling of structures (oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines), peristalsis mechanism (bolus, muscles contract, coordination), amylase activity, visking tubing as gut model, sugar and starch tests. 3. Diabetes and BMI: insulin production by pancreas, BMI calculation and category determination, trend between BMI and diabetes risk, dietary recommendations for BMI reduction. 4. Lipid digestion: ethanol emulsion test for lipids, lipase enzyme function, products (fatty acids and glycerol), pH changes with enzyme activity, enzyme denaturation at high temperature. 5. Contraception: comparison of male condom vs. sterilisation (effectiveness, permanence, risks), decision factors (reversibility, protection from STIs, surgical risk). 6. Kidney failure treatments: dialysis vs transplant (cost, availability, lifestyle impact, immune response), excretion role of kidneys, maintenance of fluid balance.
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