1. Periodic table applications, oxidation states, redox reactions, transition metal complex formation, dot-and-cross diagrams, Group 2 and 17 reactivity trends 2. Thermodynamic calculations (Gibbs free energy, entropy, enthalpy), equilibrium expressions (Kp, Kc), feasibility analysis, partial pressure and mole fraction 3. Acid-base equilibria, Ka and pH calculation, buffer solution design and validation, conjugate acid-base pair identification 4. Kinetics and rate determination from concentration-time graphs, initial rate method, reaction order, rate constant calculation 5. Electrochemistry: standard electrode potential diagrams, redox cell construction, oxidising/reducing agents, feasibility of redox reactions 6. Transition element chemistry: ligand substitution, coordination complexes, optical isomerism, gravimetric analysis of hydrated salts, complex ion identification and deduction