1. Reaction mechanisms and stereochemistry (electrophilic addition, nucleophilic substitution, cis/trans isomerism, radical substitution, Z-isomerism)
2. Organic synthesis pathways (acylation, nitration, bromination, reduction, carbon chain extension via cyanide, polymer formation)
3. Functional group identification and reactivity (amines, alcohols, acids, esters, acyl chlorides, aromatic compounds, phenol)
4. Analytical techniques (1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, qualitative tests for carbonyls and acidity)
5. Yield calculation, purification methods, melting point for purity, molecular formula deduction using elemental analysis and MS
6. Polymer chemistry (Nylon 6,6 synthesis, biodegradable polymer structure, repeat unit estimation), water solubility of alcohols, hydrogen bonding analysis