1. Periodic trends, Group 2 properties, halogen reactivity, ionic equations, molecular mass from atomic data, oxidation numbers, redox identification, giant and molecular lattice distinction, fuel cell electrode reactions, Arrhenius equation, conjugate acid–base pairs, stereoisomer count in complex ions 2. Magnesium isotope mass calculation, reaction of oxides with water and pH prediction, Born–Haber cycle for K₂O, lattice energy and ionisation trends between Na and K explained by atomic radius and shielding 3. Carbonic acid–hydrogencarbonate buffer system with pKa–pH ratio calculation, haemoglobin ligand substitution mechanism and CO toxicity, Cr³⁺ ligand exchange with NH₃, OH⁻, H₂O₂, and colour changes 4. Vanadium redox changes and electrode potential analysis, manganate titration with Fe²⁺ gluconate, supplement comparison by Fe content per tablet 5. Enthalpy and entropy feasibility check for H₂S oxidation, entropy of formation calculation using bond data, Kp expression and value for SO₂ ⇌ SO₃ equilibrium, effect of temperature on Kp, Boltzmann distribution for V₂O₅ catalyst action