1. Euthanasia ethics: situation ethics, agape-centered decisions, relativism vs legalism, case-by-case moral judgment, contrast with deontology and natural law

2. Whistle-blowing: Kantian duty, categorical imperative, respect for persons vs utilitarian outcomes, consequences, greatest good, tension between moral principle and utility

3. Conscience debate: theological (Aquinas, Newman), psychological (Freud), social constructs, evolutionary explanations, empirical evidence lacking, moral intuition vs reason

4. Natural law theory: objective moral principles, Aquinas’ precepts, rigidity vs adaptability, real-life moral dilemmas, contemporary relevance questioned

5. Emphasis on applied ethics, deontological and teleological theory comparison, meta-ethics, moral epistemology, and ethical frameworks in real-world contexts

6. 40-mark extended response essays; critical argumentation, philosophical depth, contextual application, and structured analysis required