1. Sanctity of life vs euthanasia: religious doctrine (imago Dei, divine ownership of life), secular autonomy, quality of life arguments, ethical relativism, slippery slope concerns

2. Ethical language debate: emotivism, prescriptivism, naturalism, meta-ethical theory, verification principle, cognitive vs non-cognitive theories

3. Sexual ethics and utilitarianism: hedonism, greatest happiness principle, consent and harm, contrast with natural law, deontology, religious ethics, libertarian critiques

4. Conscience: Aquinas’ synderesis and ratio vs Freud’s superego, guilt and repression, theological vs psychological origin, reliability and authority in moral decisions

5. Core themes: sanctity vs quality of life, ethical relativism, meta-ethics, sexual morality, moral psychology; emphasis on critical comparison of normative and meta-ethical theories

6. 40-mark extended responses; structured arguments, evaluative depth, integration of key thinkers, philosophical precision, and applied ethical reasoning required