1. Sunyata and language: concept of emptiness (Nāgārjuna), conventional vs ultimate truth, linguistic limitations in expressing enlightenment, role of skillful means (upaya), philosophical implications 2. Ordination for women: historical precedent (bhikkhuni sangha), feminist interpretations, Theravāda vs Mahāyāna vs Vajrayāna practices, spiritual benefit vs cultural constraint, contemporary relevance 3. Four Noble Truths: foundational teachings, diagnosis of suffering (dukkha), centrality across traditions, alternative frameworks (e.g., Pure Land, Zen), practical and doctrinal significance 4. Dalai Lama: political exile, embodiment of compassion (Avalokiteśvara), global Buddhist ambassador, Tibetan identity, role in modern Buddhism and interfaith dialogue, critiques of authority 5. Themes: doctrinal essentials, gender and monasticism, language and philosophy, modern leadership; balance between scriptural basis, historical context, and evolving practice 6. 40-mark essays; requires scriptural and philosophical analysis, cross-traditional comparisons, and evaluation of contemporary applications and debates