1. Digital communication and social capital—global networking, LinkedIn employment access, barrier reduction, professional visibility, transnational opportunity expansion

2. Social media and relationships—long-distance maintenance, generational connectivity, privacy invasion risk, corporate surveillance, dual nature of control and freedom

3. Digital communication and youth—online addiction, cyberbullying, mental health decline, disconnection from reality, identity construction, empowerment vs exploitation

4. Victim surveys—unreported crime detection, dark figure insight, victim experience, subjective bias, memory distortion

5. Female crime patterns—gender socialisation, passive role expectations, chivalry thesis, control theory, feminist critiques

6. Racism in criminal justice—disproportionate stop-and-search, sentencing disparities, institutional bias, critical race theory, statistical overrepresentation, structural inequality