1. Biology and ecology: food web analysis (predator/prey roles, consumer count), organ identification (heart), blood transport (oxygen, nutrients), lung air volume measurement under exercise, ocean pollution and bioaccumulation, Moon phases (model observation), egg buoyancy in salt water, soil composition and plant growth 2. Physical and chemical changes: melting point as material property, metals′ melting points (bar chart analysis), conductivity-temperature relation, plastic as insulator, reaction indicators (bubbles, color change, temperature change), product/reactant classification 3. Scientific skills: variable identification (dependent variable = lung air volume), fair testing in reaction and floating experiments, instrument reading (measuring cylinder), diagram completion (rock erosion, buzzer circuit), data interpretation (conductivity tables, volume indicators) 4. Light and reflection: mirror image behavior (light reflection), viewing angles, image clarity factors (smoothness, cleanliness, size), soil water movement differences (drainage/retention), reasons plants prefer loamy soil 5. Physics of materials and electricity: buzzer function in circuit via closed loop, buzzer symbol, erosion modeling with sugar cubes (rock cycle), molten rock cooling forms igneous rock, machine usage in respiratory studies