1. Biology—organ systems, respiration (aerobic vs anaerobic), photosynthesis process and requirements, food web energy loss, adaptations, inheritance, selective breeding, environmental influences on growth
2. Chemistry—acids and alkalis, pH indicators, separation methods (filtration, evaporation, chromatography), combustion reactions, displacement, salt formation, corrosion prevention
3. Physics—force direction, speed = distance/time, Sankey diagrams, reflection/refraction/lens function, Hooke’s law, heat transfer, temperature-time graph analysis
4. Earth Science—acid rain formation and damage, bioindicator species, rock types (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic), ecosystem response to pollution
5. Scientific method—control/independent/dependent variables, reliability and anomalies, graph plotting, experiment improvement, hypothesis testing