1. Biology—photosynthesis (light, CO₂, temperature), respiration types, food webs and energy flow, inherited and environmental variation, natural selection, enzyme role in digestion
2. Chemistry—acid and alkali reactions, pH scale, neutralisation, separation techniques, combustion, displacement, reactivity series, formula of compounds
3. Physics—forces (balanced/unbalanced), speed and acceleration, Sankey diagrams, reflection and refraction, light ray tracing, thermal insulation, specific heat capacity, energy efficiency
4. Earth Science—acid rain effects, rock erosion, weathering types, renewable vs non-renewable energy sources, bioindicators (lichens)
5. Scientific method—variables (independent, dependent, control), anomaly identification, reliability and improvements, graph interpretation, fair testing principles