1. Biology—digestion and enzyme action, respiration (aerobic/anaerobic), photosynthesis limiting factors, food chains, inherited vs environmental variation, reproduction types, genetic cross diagrams
2. Chemistry—acid reactions, displacement, combustion, corrosion, neutralisation, pH indicators, gas tests (e.g. hydrogen), element identification from symbols/formulae
3. Physics—force and motion (speed, time), energy transfer (Sankey diagram), Hooke’s law, reflection/refraction diagrams, pressure calculations, balanced/unbalanced forces
4. Earth Science—acid rain effects on rocks, lichen as bioindicators, fossil fuels vs renewables, rock type identification, environmental change and organism response
5. Scientific method—variable types (independent, dependent, control), reliability, fair testing, anomaly recognition, experiment improvement, graph interpretation