1. Biology—photosynthesis inputs and limiting factors, aerobic/anaerobic respiration, food chains and energy loss, digestion and enzyme role, inherited/environmental variation, reproduction, DNA function
2. Chemistry—acid reactions, displacement, neutralisation, pH indicators, corrosion, combustion, formula identification, metal and non-metal properties
3. Physics—force diagrams, speed/time/distance calculations, Hooke’s law, energy transfer via Sankey diagrams, pressure = force/area, reflection and refraction, lens diagrams
4. Earth Science—effects of acid rain, pollution indicators (lichens), rock types and formation, fossil fuel and renewable comparisons, environmental effects on traits
5. Scientific method—variable types, experimental control, graph interpretation, anomaly spotting, improving investigation reliability, fair test structure