1. Leaf structure and photosynthesis (chloroplasts, gases exchange, chlorophyll function), ionic bonding (electron transfer, electrostatic attraction) 2. Thermal transfer concepts (conduction, convection, radiation, heat vs temperature), Earth’s crust convection and tectonic movement, circuit voltage measurement 3. Salt preparation (copper chloride synthesis, filtration, evaporation, crystallisation), safety procedures, data plotting and measurement consistency in temperature tracking 4. Moon formation via collision theory (evidence from Moon rocks), cell genetics structure identification (chromosome, gene, DNA), density formula application 5. Series circuit current reasoning, Ohm’s law application (V = IR), climate model adjustment over time, air temperature measurement planning 6. Magnesium deficiency impact on chlorophyll, solution comparison for photosynthesis rate, buzzer and variable resistor circuit symbols