1. Reading comprehension skills: inference, literal meaning, figurative language, verb tense analysis, timeline extraction, summarising historical developments, tracking technological progress 2. Vocabulary interpretation: informal vs formal language, quotation analysis, structure and organisation of non-fiction text, interpretation of paragraph purpose and tone 3. Aerial photography history: balloons, kites, rockets, birds, military application, technological innovation, Sherman Fairchild’s contributions, transition from wartime to lunar use 4. Writing task: personal experience-based informative article, use of appropriate register and audience focus, description of invention’s function, usefulness, and future improvement 5. Emphasis on non-fiction analysis: identifying chronological sequencing, use of contrast (e.g. “However“), impact of tone in introductory paragraph, summarisation of long passages 6. Use of multimodal elements: diagrams, timelines, matching tasks, and tick-box comprehension to assess reading accuracy and critical engagement with historical context