1. Light and Vision: Ray diagram shows light travels in straight lines; light reflects off objects like trees into the eye; light reflection enables vision of non-light sources. 2. States of Matter: Particle diagrams represent melting, solidification, solids and liquids; liquid particles move more freely than solid particles. 3. Insulation and Temperature Change: Cloth as insulation; more layers reduce heat loss; results support that thicker fur keeps animals warmer. 4. Plants and Disease: Plants get energy from sunlight; disease shown by black spots; vaccines prevent infectious diseases in animals. 5. Sun’s Movement and Shadows: Sun appears to move due to Earth’s rotation; shadows shorten and move direction from morning to midday; Sun is higher later in the day. 6. Energy and Reactions: Light and sound energy sources; energy is transferred, not destroyed; chemical reactions produce bubbles and heat; insect outer shell = exoskeleton, predator, invertebrate.