1. Vocabulary and grammar: context-based word choice (e.g. “include”, “enough”, “unusual”), cloze tasks with grammar focus (pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions) 2. Functional reading: interpreting signs, instructions, messages for meaning (e.g. reminders, lost property notices, medicine advice), multiple-choice question format 3. Dialogue completion: identifying appropriate responses in informal conversation between friends about schoolwork, matching phrases for coherence 4. Email gap-fill: personal message with one-word answers testing grammar (e.g. articles, verb tense, pronouns, linking words) 5. Reading comprehension: identifying detail from student museum trip reviews, matching statements to relevant students (e.g. lost in museum, making new friends, teacher relationships) 6. Reading for inference and evaluation: jetpack article by student writer, extracting information about benefits and risks, opinion interpretation, and summarising teacher’s likely feedback on content structure