1. arithmetic operations (multiplication, division), unit conversion (hours to minutes), averages, triangle area, angle calculation, temperature changes 2. number rounding, fraction simplification, prime number recognition, triangle types and symmetry, sequences, square numbers 3. order of operations, ratios (flour to eggs), equations with unknowns, basic probability, visual interpretation of perimeter and area 4. long multiplication/division, tally chart and interval grouping, 3D shapes and painted cube faces, highest common factor 5. Venn diagram classification (divisibility), algebraic substitution, percentage change over multiple steps, grid-based shape transformation 6. bar chart interpretation, comparison reasoning, counterexample for rounding rule, fractional comparison, basic algebra with number cards