1. adaptations in hot climates, food chain roles (consumer, energy source), phase change (freezing/melting), state classification (physical change) 2. electrical circuits (material conductivity, circuit completion), testing and classifying conductors vs insulators, conclusion writing in experiments 3. Solar System model errors (e.g. moon placement), particle model (arrangement, movement, spacing in solids/liquids), true/false classification 4. infectious disease understanding (definition, vaccine), graph trend interpretation (smallpox decline), historical figure contribution (Edward Jenner) 5. energy transfer in fireworks (e.g. light, sound), optical terms (reflection), circuit function (lamp brightness, switch use) 6. Earth structure modeling (layers: crust, mantle, core), model evaluation (good for layer visibility, poor for scale accuracy), chemical reaction evidence (rust, moisture and air)