1. Biology: plant water transport (root hair, xylem, transpiration), chlorophyll mineral (magnesium), photosynthesis (light and chlorophyll dependency), inheritance (X/Y chromosomes), variation causes (genetic/environmental), starch test using iodine. 2. Chemistry: Periodic Table interpretation (electronic configuration, element groups), bonding in water (covalent), density calculation (mass/volume), carbon cycle (photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition), displacement reactions and reactivity series. 3. Physics: sound wave properties (amplitude, frequency, pitch), thermal energy transfer (convection), electrical components and resistance (V=IR), water circuit analogy (current, voltage, resistance), energy transfer in cooking. 4. Earth and space science: star classification (mass, luminosity, spectral class), star formation (nebula collapse), asteroid impact consequences (dust, extinction), temperature and CO₂ correlation (global warming, sea-level rise). 5. Experimental methods: safe heating with ethanol (water bath), reaction setup for copper sulfate crystals (filtering, evaporation), interpreting graphs (CO₂ concentration history), evaluating scientific claims (e.g., survey, mean/range).