1. Food webs and bioaccumulation—energy flow, food chain construction, poison transfer through trophic levels
2. Chemical reactions—evidence of reactions (bubbles, temperature change, color), product identification (e.g., hydrogen), distinction from physical changes
3. Forces—gravity effect (weight), force diagrams, net force analysis (e.g., thrust vs air resistance), level flight balance
4. Physical changes—melting and boiling vs evaporation, reversible change explanation, process comparisons
5. Human biology—heart rate trends (age/gender), respiration impact on oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, data analysis skills
6. Rocks and soil—rock types (igneous, metamorphic), sedimentary rock properties, fossil formation, soil components including humus and water