1. Biology: cell part-function matching (membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria), palisade cell photosynthesis adaptations, euglena classification ambiguity, food webs and energy return (decomposition, respiration), species definition using mule-horse-donkey example. 2. Chemistry: material type identification (element, compound, alloy), pH analysis of substances using Universal Indicator, hazard symbol interpretation (ethanol, mercury nitrate), neutralisation pH changes, precipitation reaction recognition. 3. Physics: energy transfer in TV/car, reflection of sound (echo), speed-distance-time calculation (sonar), conductors vs insulators (graphite, aluminium), particles in conduction (electrons), magnetic field strength and field reversal. 4. Earth science: tectonic plate boundaries and associated events (volcanoes, earthquakes, mountain formation), model limitations, atmospheric gas composition (nitrogen, oxygen), gravity-mass relationship across planets. 5. Scientific skills: dichotomous key for vertebrate classification, drawing arrows in food webs, completing data tables and periodic table reading, interpreting graphs (heart rate, energy percentages), mass-gravity correlation.