1. Pollination and seed dispersal—flower attraction traits (bright petals, sweet smell), pollen transfer by sticking, seed dispersal by wind, animals, water, bursting 2. Earth, Sun, Moon system—Earth’s rotation (1 day), orbit (1 year), model roles, Sun’s apparent movement due to Earth’s spin 3. Water cycle and states of matter—evaporation, condensation, salt exclusion from vapour, snow formation due to temperature 4. Materials and their properties—transparent/translucent/opaque classification, shadow formation, melting/boiling point, vapour condensation 5. Plant biology and growth—germination evidence, measurement (e.g. root length), phototropism toward light, chlorophyll deficiency causing yellow leaves 6. Scientific methods—fair testing, repeating for reliability, light intensity measurement with sensors, prediction testing through repeated observation