1. Biology: identifying animal cells and features (no cell wall, chloroplast), microorganism cell count, food web construction and predictions (grasshopper removal), decomposer role and habitat importance, species definition and life characteristics, virus classification. 2. Chemistry: alloy classification (steel as mixture), particle model explanation for material hardness, precipitation reaction (white solid formation), neutralisation reaction (acid + alkali), interpreting pH graph, reaction evidence, acid-base titration setup. 3. Physics: air resistance effect (ball vs feather), vacuum conditions on falling objects, circuit current prediction with added components, electric models (toy train), magnetic field direction, energy transfer from elastic potential to kinetic, sound echo explanation. 4. Earth and space: Moon placement for tides, alignment of Sun-Earth-Moon for extreme tides, orbital motion effects on sea level, mountain formation modeled with cloth and boxes (tectonic plates), improvement of geological models, Solar System formation hypothesis support/critique. 5. Scientific method: fair testing in elastic band and pH experiments, anomalous data identification and correction, reliable result validation (repetition, consistency), improving models and interpreting diagrams, interpreting data from catalytic converter bar chart.