1. Reading comprehension and grammar: identifying adjectives, prepositions, rhyming words, pronouns, and verbs; explaining extreme weather in deserts; interpreting word meaning and sentence types 2. Text analysis: recognizing main ideas (e.g. deserts around the world), summarizing purpose of texts (Text A = general desert facts, Text B = instructional text), understanding how information is organized (headings, sections, instructions) 3. Vocabulary and sentence structure: alphabetical ordering, identifying synonyms, phrases indicating time and method, understanding sentence types (statement, instruction) 4. Inference and reasoning: evaluating usefulness of text for school projects, justifying clarity of instructions, judging difficulty of tasks based on provided steps 5. Instruction writing: planning and composing a set of instructions for tasks such as making food, playing a game, or navigating to a place 6. Non-fiction structure and layout: use of headings, numbered/bulleted steps, and logical sequence in instructional texts to enhance understanding and readability