- Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic cells: structural differences, cell surface membrane components, ribosomes, DNA, cell wall characteristics. - Membrane transport mechanisms: roles of carrier proteins, channel proteins in substance transport across cell membranes. - Chloroplast distribution in plant cells: peripheral localization, functional significance. - Mitosis stages in plant root cells: identification of cells in different mitotic phases, labeling requirements. - Capillary dynamics: blood pressure effects on tissue fluid formation, osmotic movement of water, role of plasma proteins. - Protein testing in blood plasma: reagents for protein detection, colorimetric changes indicating presence.